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Salontafel wit kubus. Here n is an integer and is greater than 1. For an odd prime p2 and integer ade ne the quadratic gauss sum g a x t2zp t p at p where p e 2i p. Show g a.
Note that 0 p 0 by de nition exercise 11. The case originally considered by carl friedrich gauss was the quadratic gauss sum for r the field of residues modulo a prime number p and x the legendre symbolin this case gauss proved that gx p 1 2 or ip 1 2 for p congruent to 1 or 3 modulo 4 respectively the quadratic gauss sum can also be evaluated by fourier analysis as well as by contour integration. The symbol phi is sometimes used instead of s.
1 quadratic gauss sums de nition 1. Gauss 1811 for an odd prime number q p and the character chi m q mq where mq is the legendre symbol. Gauss sums mark sellke this handout is based on a classical introduction to modern number theory by ireland and rosen.
Such sums were studied by cf. The value of the gauss sum is an algebraic integer in the p th cyclotomic field z p. In exercise 3 we are dealing with the famous formula stating that the sum of the integers from 1 to n equals n times n plus 1 over 2.
And we check the validity of p of n for n equal to 1 2. So let us call p of n this proposition. The evaluation of the gauss sum can be reduced to the case a 1.
A gauss sum is fully defined by specifying the character chi m q and the number a.
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